Proto-Mark
A rough draft reconstruction of proto-Mark
From the public domain World English Bible translation of Mark (and Luke, where noted)1
Incipit Mark 1:1
The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God.
John the Baptist Mark 1:2-6
As it is written in the prophet Isaiah2, "The voice of one crying in the wilderness, 'Make ready the way of the Lord, Make his paths straight.'" John came baptizing in the wilderness and preaching the baptism of repentance for forgiveness of sins. There went out to him all the country of Judea, and all those of Jerusalem. They were baptized by him in the Jordan river, confessing their sins. John was clothed with camel's hair and a leather belt around his loins. He ate locusts and wild honey.
John's Preaching re Jesus Mark 1:7-8
He preached, saying, "After me comes he who is mightier than I, the thong of whose sandals I am not worthy to stoop down and loosen. I baptized you in water, but he will baptize you in the Holy Spirit."
Baptism of Jesus Mark 1:9-11
It happened in those days, that Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee, and was baptized by John in the Jordan. Immediately coming up from the water, he saw the heavens parting, and the Spirit descending on him like a dove. A voice came out of the sky, "You are my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased."3
Temptation Mark 1:12-13
Immediately the Spirit drove him out into the wilderness. He was there in the wilderness forty days tempted by Satan. He was with the wild animals. The angels ministered to him.
1st Preaching in Galilee Mark 1:14-15
Now after John was taken into custody, Jesus came into Galilee, preaching the gospel of the kingdom of God, and saying, "The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand! Repent, and believe in the gospel."
Fishers of Men Mark 1:16-20
Passing along by the sea of Galilee, he saw Simon and Andrew, the brother of Simon, casting a net in the sea, for they were fishermen. Jesus said to them, "Come after me, and I will make you into fishers for men." Immediately they left their nets, and followed him. Going on a little further from there, he saw James, the son of Zebedee, and John, his brother, who also were in the boat mending the nets. Immediately he called them, and they left their father, Zebedee, in the boat with the hired servants, and went after him.
Teaching with Authority Mark 1:21-22
They went into Capernaum, and immediately on the Sabbath day he entered into the synagogue and taught. They were astonished at his teaching, for he taught them as having authority, and not as the scribes.
In Capernaum Synagogue Mark 1:23-28
Immediately there was in their synagogue a man with an unclean spirit, and he cried out, saying, "Ha! What do we have to do with you, Jesus, you Nazarene? Have you come to destroy us? I know you who you are: the Holy One of God." Jesus rebuked him, saying, "Be quiet, and come out of him!" The unclean spirit, convulsing him and crying with a loud voice, came out of him. They were all amazed, so that they questioned among themselves, saying, "What is this? A new teaching? For with authority he commands even the unclean spirits, and they obey him." The report of him went out immediately everywhere into all the region of Galilee and its surrounding area.
Peter's Mother-in-Law Healed Mark 1:29-31
Immediately, when they had come out of the synagogue, they came into the house of Simon and Andrew, with James and John. Now Simon's wife's mother lay sick with a fever, and immediately they told him about her. He came and took her by the hand, and raised her up. The fever left her, and she served them.
Sick Healed at Evening Mark 1:32-34
At evening, when the sun had set, they brought to him all who were sick, and those who were possessed with demons. All the city was gathered together at the door. He healed many who were sick with various diseases, and cast out many demons. He didn't allow the demons to speak, because they knew him.
Leaving Capernaum Mark 1:35-38
Early in the night, he rose up and went out, and departed into a desert place, and there prayed. Simon and those who were with him followed after him; and they found him, and told him, "All are seeking you." He said to them, "Let's go elsewhere into the next towns, that I may preach there also, for to this end I came forth."
Preaching Journey in Galilee Mark 1:39
He went into their synagogues throughout all Galilee, preaching and casting out demons.
Leper Healed Mark 1:40-45
There came to him a leper, begging him, kneeling down to him, and saying to him, "If you want to, you can make me clean." Being moved with compassion, he stretched forth his hand, and touched him, and said to him, "I want to. Be made clean." When he had said this, immediately the leprosy departed from him, and he was made clean. He strictly charged him, and immediately sent him out, and said to him, "See you say nothing to anybody, but go show yourself to the priest, and offer for your cleansing the things which Moses commanded, for a testimony to them." But he went out, and began to proclaim it much, and to spread about the matter, so that Jesus could no more openly enter into a city, but was outside in desert places: and they came to him from everywhere.
Paralytic Healing Mark 2:1-12
When he entered again into Capernaum after some days, it was heard that he was in the house. Immediately many were gathered together, so that there was no more room, not even around the door; and he spoke the word to them. Four people came, carrying a paralytic to him. When they could not come near to him for the crowd, they removed the roof where he was. When they had broken it up, they let down the mat that the paralytic was laying on. Jesus, seeing their faith, said to the paralytic, "Son, your sins are forgiven you." But there were some of the scribes sitting there, and reasoning in their hearts, "Why does this man speak blasphemies like that? He blasphemes! Who can forgive sins but one - God?" Immediately Jesus, perceiving in his spirit that they so reasoned within themselves, said to them, "Why do you reason these things in your hearts? Which is easier, to tell the paralytic, 'Your sins are forgiven;' or to say, 'Arise, and take up your bed, and walk?' But that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins" -- he said to the paralytic, "I tell you, arise, take up your mat, and go to your house." He arose, and immediately took up the mat, and went out in front of them all; so that they were all amazed, and glorified God, saying, "We never saw anything like this!"
Call of Levi Mark 2:13-17
He went out again by the seaside. All the multitude came to him, and he taught them. As he passed by, he saw Levi, the son of Alphaeus, sitting at the place of toll, and he said to him, "Follow me." And he arose and followed him. It happened, that he was reclining at the table in his house, and many tax collectors and sinners sat down with Jesus and his disciples, for there were many, and they followed him. The scribes and the Pharisees, when they saw that he was eating with the sinners and tax collectors, said to his disciples, "Why is it that he eats and drinks with tax collectors and sinners?" When Jesus heard it, he said to them, "Those who are healthy have no need for a physician, but those who are sick. I came not to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance."
No Mourning with Bridegroom Mark 2:18-20
John's disciples and the Pharisees were fasting, and they came and asked him, "Why do John's disciples and the disciples of the Pharisees fast, but your disciples don't fast?" Jesus said to them, "Can the sons of the bride chamber fast, while the bridegroom is with them? As long as they have the bridegroom with them, they can't fast. But the days will come, when the bridegroom will be taken away from them, and then will they fast in that day.4
New Wine in New Wineskins Mark 2:21-22
No one sews a piece of unshrunk cloth on an old garment, or else the patch shrinks and the new tears away from the old, and a worse hole is made. No one puts new wine into old wineskins, or else the new wine will burst the skins, and the wine pours out, and the skins will be destroyed; but they put new wine into fresh wineskins."
Plucking Grain on Sabbath Mark 2:23-28
It happened, that he was going on the Sabbath day through the grain fields, and his disciples began, as they went, to pluck the ears of grain. The Pharisees said to him, "Behold, why do they do that which is not lawful on the Sabbath day?" He said to them, "Did you never read what David did, when he had need, and was hungry, he, and they who were with him? How he entered into the house of God when Abiathar was high priest, and ate the show bread, which it is not lawful to eat except for the priests, and gave also to those who were with him?" He said to them, "The Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath. Therefore the Son of Man is lord even of the Sabbath."
Withered Hand Healed Mark 3:1-6
He entered again into the synagogue, and there was a man there who had his hand withered. They watched him, whether he would heal him on the Sabbath day, that they might accuse him. He said to the man who had his hand withered, "Stand up." He said to them, "Is it lawful on the Sabbath day to do good, or to do harm? To save a life, or to kill?" But they were silent. When he had looked around at them with anger, being grieved at the hardening of their hearts, he said to the man, "Stretch out your hand." He stretched it out, and his hand was restored as healthy as the other. The Pharisees went out, and immediately took counsel with the Herodians against him, how they might destroy him.5
On the Mountain Luke 6:12
It happened in these days, that he went out into the mountain to pray, and he continued all night in prayer to God.6
Call of the Twelve Luke 6:13-16
When it was day, he called his disciples, and from them he chose twelve, whom he also named apostles: Simon, whom he also named Peter; Andrew, his brother; James; John; Philip; Bartholomew; Matthew; Thomas; James, the son of Alphaeus; Simon, who was called the Zealot; Judas the son of James; and Judas Iscariot, who also became a traitor.
Great Crowds Follow Mark 3:7-8
Jesus withdrew to the sea with his disciples, and a great multitude followed him from Galilee, from Judea, from Jerusalem, from Idumaea, beyond the Jordan, and those from around Tyre and Sidon. A great multitude, hearing what great things he did, came to him.
Crowd Cured Mark 3:9-10
He spoke to his disciples, that a little boat should stay near him because of the crowd, so that they wouldn't press on him. For he had healed many, so that as many as had diseases pressed on him that they might touch him.7
Sower Parable Mark 4:1-9
He began to teach by the seaside. A great multitude was gathered to him, so that he entered into a boat in the sea, and sat down. All the multitude were on the land by the sea. He taught them many things in parables, and told them in his teaching, "Listen! Behold, the farmer went forth to sow, and it happened, as he sowed, some seed fell by the road, and the birds came and devoured it. Others fell on the rocky ground, where it had little soil, and immediately it sprang up, because it had no depth of soil. When the sun had risen, it was scorched; and because it had no root, it withered away. Others fell among the thorns, and the thorns grew up, and choked it, and it yielded no fruit. Others fell into the good ground, and yielded fruit, growing up and increasing. Some brought forth thirty times, some sixty times, and some one hundred times as much." He said, "Whoever has ears to hear, let him hear."
Reason for Parables Mark 4:11-12
He said to them, "To you is given the mystery of the kingdom of God, but to those who are outside, all things are done in parables, that 'seeing they may see, and not perceive; and hearing they may hear, and not understand; lest perhaps they should turn again, and their sins should be forgiven them.'"8
Sower Parable Interpretation Mark 4:13-20
He said to them, "Don't you understand this parable? How will you understand all of the parables? The farmer sows the word. These are they by the road, where the word is sown; and when they have heard, immediately Satan comes, and takes away the word which has been sown in them. These in like manner are those who are sown on the rocky places, who, when they have heard the word, immediately receive it with joy. They have no root in themselves, but endure for a while, then, when oppression or persecution arises because of the word, immediately they stumble. Others are those who are sown among the thorns. These are those who have heard the word, and the cares of this age, and the deceitfulness of riches, and the lusts of other things entering in choke the word, and it becomes unfruitful. These are those who were sown on the good ground: such as hear the word, and accept it, and bear fruit, some thirty times, some sixty times, and some one hundred times."
The Lamp Mark 4:21
He said to them, "Does the lamp come (ἔρχεται) to be put under a basket or under the bed? Isn't it put on the lampstand?9
Nothing Hidden Nor Secret Mark 4:22
For there is nothing hidden, except that it should be made known; neither was anything made secret, but that it should come to light.
Ears to Hear Mark 4:23
If any man has ears to hear, let him hear."10
The Measure You Give/Get Mark 4:24
He said to them, "Take heed what you hear. With whatever measure you measure, it will be measured to you, and more will be given to you who hear.11
To Those Who Have/Lack Mark 4:25
For whoever has, to him will more be given, and he who has not, from him will be taken away even that which he has."
Jesus's True Relatives Luke 8:19-21
His mother and brothers came to him, and they could not come near him for the crowd. Some people told him, "Your mother and your brothers stand outside, desiring to see you." But he answered them, "My mother and my brothers are these who hear the word of God and do it."12
Let's Go to the Other Side Mark 4:35
On that day, when evening had come, he said to them, "Let's go over to the other side."
Stilling the Storm Mark 4:36-41
Leaving the multitude, they took him with them, even as he was, in the boat. Other small boats were also with him. There arose a great wind storm, and the waves beat into the boat, so much that the boat was already filled. He himself was in the stern, asleep on the cushion, and they woke him up, and told him, "Teacher, don't you care that we are dying?" He awoke, and rebuked the wind, and said to the sea, "Peace. Be still." The wind ceased, and there was a great calm. He said to them, "Why are you so afraid? How is it that you have no faith?" They were greatly afraid, and said to one another, "Who then is this, that even the wind and the sea obey him?"13
Gerasene Demoniac Mark 5:1-20
They came to the other side of the sea, into the country of the Gadarenes. When he had come out of the boat, immediately there met him out of the tombs a man with an unclean spirit, who had his dwelling in the tombs. Nobody could bind him any more, not even with chains, because he had been often bound with fetters and chains, and the chains had been torn apart by him, and the fetters broken in pieces. Nobody had the strength to tame him. Always, night and day, in the tombs and in the mountains, he was crying out, and cutting himself with stones. When he saw Jesus from afar, he ran and bowed down to him, and crying out with a loud voice, he said, "What have I to do with you, Jesus, you Son of the Most High God? I adjure you by God, don't torment me." For he said to him, "Come out of the man, you unclean spirit!" He asked him, "What is your name?" He said to him, "My name is Legion, for we are many." He begged him much that he would not send them away out of the country. Now there was there on the mountainside a great herd of pigs feeding. All the demons begged him, saying, "Send us into the pigs, that we may enter into them." At once Jesus gave them permission. The unclean spirits came out, and entered into the pigs. The herd of about two thousand rushed down the steep bank into the sea, and they were drowned in the sea. Those who fed them fled, and told it in the city, and in the country. The people came to see what it was that had happened. They came to Jesus, and saw him who was possessed by demons sitting, clothed and in his right mind, even him who had the legion; and they were afraid. Those who saw it declared to them how it happened to him who was possessed by demons, and about the pigs. They began to beg him to depart from their borders. As he was entering into the boat, he who had been possessed by demons begged him that he might be with him. He didn't allow him, but said to him, "Go to your house, to your friends, and tell them how the Lord has done great things for you, and how he had mercy on you." He went his way, and began to proclaim in Decapolis how Jesus had done great things for him, and everyone marveled.14
Jairus's Daughter I Mark 5:21-24
When Jesus had crossed back over in the boat to the other side, a great multitude was gathered to him; and he was by the sea. Behold, one of the rulers of the synagogue, Jairus by name, came; and seeing him, he fell at his feet, and begged him much, saying, "My little daughter is at the point of death. Please come and lay your hands on her, that she may be made healthy, and live." He went with him, and a great multitude followed him, and they pressed upon him on all sides.
Woman w/ Issue of Blood Mark 5:25-34
A certain woman, who had an issue of blood for twelve years, and had suffered many things by many physicians, and had spent all that she had, and was no better, but rather grew worse, having heard the things concerning Jesus, came up behind him in the crowd, and touched his clothes. For she said, "If I just touch his clothes, I will be made well." Immediately the fountain of her blood was dried up, and she felt in her body that she was healed of her plague. Immediately Jesus, perceiving in himself that the power had gone forth from him, turned around in the crowd, and asked, "Who touched my clothes?" His disciples said to him, "You see the multitude pressing against you, and you say, 'Who touched me?'" He looked around to see her who had done this thing. But the woman, fearing and trembling, knowing what had been done to her, came and fell down before him, and told him all the truth. He said to her, "Daughter, your faith has made you well. Go in peace, and be cured of your disease."
Jairus's Daughter II Mark 5:35-43
While he was still speaking, they came from the synagogue ruler's house saying, "Your daughter is dead. Why bother the Teacher any more?" But Jesus, not heeding the word spoken, immediately said to the ruler of the synagogue, "Don't be afraid, only believe." He allowed no one to follow him, except Peter, James, and John, the brother of James. He came to the synagogue ruler's house, and he saw an uproar, weeping, and great wailing. When he had entered in, he said to them, "Why do you make an uproar and weep? The child is not dead, but is asleep." They laughed him to scorn. But he, having put them all out, took the father of the child and her mother and those who were with him, and went in where the child was lying. Taking the child by the hand, he said to her, "Talitha cumi;" which means, being interpreted, "Young lady, I tell you, get up." Immediately the young lady rose up, and walked, for she was twelve years old. They were amazed with great amazement. He charged them much that no one should know this. He commanded that something should be given to her to eat.
Rejected at Nazareth Mark 6:1-6
He went out from there. He came into his own country, and his disciples followed him. When the Sabbath had come, he began to teach in the synagogue, and many hearing him were astonished, saying, "Where did this man get these things?" and, "What is the wisdom that is given to this man, that such mighty works come about by his hands? Isn't this the carpenter, the son of Mary, and brother of James, Joses, Judas, and Simon? Aren't his sisters here with us?" They were offended by him. Jesus said to them, "A prophet is not without honor, except in his own country, and among his own relatives, and in his own house." He could do no mighty work there, except that he laid his hands on a few sick folk, and healed them. He marveled because of their unbelief. He went around the villages teaching.
Among the Villages Mark 6:6
He marveled because of their unbelief. He went around the villages teaching.
Gave Authority to Twelve Mark 6:7
He called to himself the twelve, and began to send them out two by two; and he gave them authority over the unclean spirits.
Instructions to Twelve Mark 6:8-13
He charged them that they should take nothing for their journey, except a staff only: no bread, no wallet, no money in their purse, but to wear sandals, and not put on two tunics. He said to them, "Wherever you enter into a house, stay there until you depart from there. Whoever will not receive you nor hear you, as you depart from there, shake off the dust that is under your feet for a testimony against them. Assuredly, I tell you, it will be more tolerable for Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment than for that city!" They went out, and preached that people should repent. They cast out many demons, and anointed many with oil who were sick, and healed them.15
Herod Thinks Jesus is John Mark 6:14-16
King Herod heard this, for his name had become known, and he said, "John the Baptizer has risen from the dead, and therefore these powers work in him." But others said, "It is Elijah." Others said, "It is the Prophet, or like one of the prophets." But Herod, when he heard this, said, "This is John, whom I beheaded. He has risen from the dead."
Death of John Mark 6:17-29
For Herod himself had sent out and laid hold on John, and bound him in prison for the sake of Herodias, his brother Philip's wife, for he had married her. For John said to Herod, "It is not lawful for you to have your brother's wife." Herodias set herself against him, and desired to kill him, but she couldn't, for Herod feared John, knowing that he was a righteous and holy man, and kept him safe. When he heard him, he did many things, and he heard him gladly. When a convenient day had come, that Herod on his birthday made a supper for his lords, and the high captains, and the chief men of Galilee; and when the daughter of Herodias herself came in and danced, she pleased Herod and those reclining with him. The king said to the young lady, "Ask me whatever you want, and I will give it to you." He swore to her, "Whatever you shall ask of me, I will give you, up to half of my kingdom." She went out, and said to her mother, "What shall I ask?" She said, "The head of John the Baptizer." She came in immediately with haste to the king, and asked, "I want you to give me right now the head of John the Baptizer on a platter." The king was exceedingly sorry, but for the sake of his oaths, and of his dinner guests, he didn't wish to refuse her. Immediately the king sent forth a soldier of his guard, and commanded to bring John's head, and he went and beheaded him in the prison, and brought his head on a platter, and gave it to the young lady; and the young lady gave it to her mother. When his disciples heard this, they came and took up his corpse, and laid it in a tomb.
Return of the Twelve Mark 6:30-34
The apostles gathered themselves together to Jesus, and they told him all things, whatever they had done, and whatever they had taught. He said to them, "You come apart into a desert place, and rest awhile." For there were many coming and going, and they had no leisure so much as to eat. They went away in the boat to a desert place by themselves. They saw them going, and many recognized him and ran there on foot from all the cities. They arrived before them and came together to him. Jesus came out, saw a great multitude, and he had compassion on them, because they were like sheep without a shepherd, and he began to teach them many things.
Feeding of 5000 Mark 6:35-44
When it was late in the day, his disciples came to him, and said, "This place is a desert, and it is late in the day. Send them away, that they may go into the surrounding country and villages, and buy themselves bread, for they have nothing to eat." But he answered them, "You give them something to eat." They asked him, "Shall we go and buy two hundred denarii worth of bread, and give them something to eat?" He said to them, "How many loaves do you have? Go see." When they knew, they said, "Five, and two fish." He commanded those that all should sit down by companies on the green grass. They sat down in ranks, by hundreds and by fifties. He took the five loaves and the two fish, and looking up to heaven, he blessed, and broke the loaves, and he gave to his disciples to set before them, and he divided the two fish among them all. They all ate, and were filled. They took up twelve baskets full of broken pieces and also of the fish. Those who ate the loaves were five thousand men.16
Transitional line Mark 6:45-47 and Luke 9:18
Then Jesus went alone to the hills to prey, and then they departed for Bethsaida.17
Blind Man of Bethsaida Mark 8:22-26
He came to Bethsaida. They brought a blind man to him, and begged him to touch him. He took hold of the blind man by the hand, and brought him out of the village. When he had spit on his eyes, and laid his hands on him, he asked him if he saw anything. He looked up, and said, "I see men; for I see them like trees walking." Then again he laid his hands on his eyes. He looked intently, and was restored, and saw everyone clearly. He sent him away to his house, saying, "Don't enter into the village, nor tell anyone in the village."18
Confession/1st Prediction Mark 8:27-33
Jesus went forth, with his disciples, into the villages of Caesarea Philippi. On the way he asked his disciples, "Who do men say that I am?" They told him, "John the Baptizer, and others, Elijah, but others, one of the prophets." He asked them, "But who do you say that I am?" Peter answered, "You are the Christ." He charged them that they should tell no one about him. He began to teach them that the Son of Man must suffer many things, and be rejected by the elders, the chief priests, and the scribes, and be killed, and after three days rise again. He spoke to them openly. Peter took him, and began to rebuke him. But he, turning around, and seeing his disciples, rebuked Peter, and said, "Get behind me, Satan! For you have in mind not the things of God, but the things of men."
Conditions of Discipleship Mark 8:34-9:1
He called the multitude to himself with his disciples, and said to them, "Whoever wants to come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow me. For whoever wants to save his life will lose it; and whoever will lose his life for my sake and the gospel's will save it. For what does it profit a man, to gain the whole world, and forfeit his life? For what should a man give in exchange for his life? For whoever will be ashamed of me and of my words in this adulterous and sinful generation, the Son of Man also will be ashamed of him, when he comes in the glory of his Father with the holy angels." He said to them, "Most assuredly I tell you, there are some standing here who will in no way taste death, until they see the kingdom of God come with power."
Transfiguration Mark 9:2-8
After six days Jesus took with him Peter, James, and John, and brought them up onto a high mountain privately by themselves, and he was changed into another form in front of them. His clothing became glistening, exceedingly white, like snow, such as no launderer on earth can whiten them. Elijah and Moses appeared to them, and they were talking with Jesus. Peter answered Jesus, "Rabbi, it is good for us to be here. Let's make three tents: one for you, one for Moses, and one for Elijah." For he didn't know what to say, for they were very afraid. A cloud came, overshadowing them, and a voice came out of the cloud, "This is my beloved Son. Listen to him." Suddenly looking around, they saw no one with them any more, except Jesus only.
Coming of Elijah Mark 9:9-13
As they were coming down from the mountain, he charged them that they should tell no one what things they had seen, until the Son of Man had risen again from the dead. They kept the saying, questioning among themselves what the rising again from the dead should mean. They asked him, saying, "Why do the scribes say that Elijah must come first?" He said to them, "Elijah indeed comes first, and restores all things. How is it written about the Son of Man, that he should suffer many things and be despised? But I tell you, that Elijah has come, and they have also done to him whatever they wanted to, even as it is written about him."
Boy w/ Spirit Healing Mark 9:14-28
Coming to the disciples, he saw a great multitude around them, and scribes questioning them. Immediately all the multitude, when they saw him, were greatly amazed, and running to him greeted him. He asked the scribes, "What are you asking them?" One of the multitude answered, "Teacher, I brought to you my son, who has a mute spirit; and wherever it seizes him, it dashes him down, and he foams at the mouth, and grinds his teeth, and wastes away. I asked your disciples to cast it out, and they weren't able." He answered them, "Unbelieving generation, how long will I be with you? How long will I bear with you? Bring him to me." They brought him to him, and when he saw him, immediately the spirit convulsed him, and he fell on the ground, wallowing and foaming at the mouth. He asked his father, "How long has it been since this has come to him?" He said, "From childhood. Often it has cast him both into the fire and into the water, to destroy him. But if you can do anything, have compassion on us, and help us." Jesus said to him, "If you can believe? All things are possible to him who believes." Immediately the father of the child cried out with tears, "I believe. Help my unbelief!" When Jesus saw that a multitude came running together, he rebuked the unclean spirit, saying to him, "You mute and deaf spirit, I command you, come out of him, and enter no more into him!" Having cried out, and convulsed him greatly, it came out. The boy became like one dead; so much that most of them said, "He is dead." But Jesus took him by the hand, and raised him up; and he arose.19
2nd Passion Prediction Mark 9:30-32
They went forth from there, and passed through Galilee. He didn't want anyone to know it. For he taught his disciples, and said to them, "The Son of Man is delivered up into the hands of men, and they will kill him; and when he is killed, on the third day he will rise again." But they didn't understand the saying, and were afraid to ask him.
Dispute re Greatness Mark 9:34-37
But they were silent, for they had disputed one with another on the way about who was the greatest. He sat down, and called the twelve; and he said to them, "If any man wants to be first, he will be last of all, and servant of all." He took a little child, and set him in the midst of them. Taking him in his arms, he said to them, "Whoever receives one such little child in my name, receives me, and whoever receives me, doesn't receive me, but him who sent me."
Another Exorcist, On Temptations, Salt Mark 9:38-50
John said to him, "Teacher, we saw someone who doesn't follow us casting out demons in your name; and we forbade him, because he doesn't follow us." But Jesus said, "Don't forbid him, for there is no one who will do a mighty work in my name, and be able quickly to speak evil of me. For whoever is not against us is on our side. For whoever will give you a cup of water to drink in my name, because you are Christ's, most assuredly I tell you, he will in no way lose his reward. Whoever will cause one of these little ones who believe in me to stumble, it would be better for him if a donkey-millstone were hanged about his neck, and he were cast into the sea. If your hand causes you to stumble, cut it off. It is better for you to enter into life maimed, rather than having your two hands to go into Gehenna, into the unquenchable fire. If your foot causes you to stumble, cut it off. It is better for you to enter into life lame, rather than having your two feet to be cast into Gehenna. If your eye causes you to stumble, cast it out. It is better for you to enter into the kingdom of God with one eye, rather than having two eyes to be cast into the Gehenna, where their worm doesn't die, and the fire is not quenched, for everyone will be salted with fire. Salt is good, but if the salt has lost its saltiness, in whom (ἐν τίνι) will you season it? Have salt (of the covenant, ἅλα διαθήκης) in yourselves, and be at peace with one another."20
Marriage and Divorce Mark 10:1-12
He arose from there and came into the borders of Judea and beyond the Jordan. Multitudes came together to him again. As he usually did, he taught them again. There came to him Pharisees testing him, and asked him, "Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife?" He answered, "What did Moses command you?" They said, "Moses allowed a bill of divorce to be written, and to divorce her." But Jesus said to them, "For your hardness of heart, he wrote you this commandment. But from the beginning of the creation, 'God made them male and female. For this cause will a man leave his father and mother, and will join to his wife, and the two will become one flesh,' so that they are no longer two, but one flesh. What therefore God has joined together, let no man separate."21
Let the Little Children... Mark 10:13-16
They were bringing to him little children, that he should touch them, but the disciples rebuked those who were bringing them. But when Jesus saw it, he was moved with indignation, and said to them, "Allow the little children to come to me! Don't forbid them, for to such belong the kingdom of God. Most assuredly I tell you, whoever will not receive the kingdom of God as a little child, he will in no way enter therein." He took them in his arms, and blessed them, laying his hands on them.
Rich Young Ruler Mark 10:17-30
As he was going forth into the way, one ran to him, kneeled to him, and asked him, "Good Teacher, what shall I do that I may inherit eternal life?" Jesus said to him, "Why do you call me good? No one is good except one -- God. You know the commandments: 'Do not murder,' 'Do not commit adultery,' 'Do not steal,' 'Do not give false testimony,' 'Do not defraud,' 'Honor your father and mother.'" He said to him, "Teacher, all these things have I observed from my youth." Jesus looking at him loved him, and said to him, "One thing you lack. Go, sell whatever you have, and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; and come, follow me, taking up the cross." But his face fell at that saying, and he went away sorrowful, for he was one who had great possessions. Jesus looked around, and said to his disciples, "How difficult it is for those who have riches to enter into the kingdom of God!" The disciples were amazed at his words. But Jesus answered again, "Children, how hard is it for those who trust in riches to enter into the kingdom of God! It is easier for a camel to go through the needle's eye, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God." They were exceedingly astonished, saying to him, "Then who can be saved?" Jesus, looking at them, said, "With men it is impossible, but not with God, for all things are possible with God." Peter began to tell him, "Behold, we have left all, and have followed you." Jesus said, "Most assuredly I tell you, there is no one who has left house, or brothers, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or land, for my sake, and for the gospel's sake, but he will receive one hundred times now in this time, houses, brothers, sisters, mothers, children, and land, with persecutions; and in the age to come eternal life.
3rd Passion Prediction Mark 10:32-34
They were on the way, going up to Jerusalem; and Jesus was going in front of them, and they were amazed; and those who followed were afraid. He again took the twelve, and began to tell them the things that were going to happen to him. "Behold, we are going up to Jerusalem. The Son of Man will be delivered to the chief priests and the scribes. They will condemn him to death, and will deliver him to the Gentiles. They will mock him, spit on him, scourge him, and kill him. On the third day he will rise again."
Sons of Zebedee Mark 10:35-40
James and John, the sons of Zebedee, came near to him, saying, "Teacher, we want you to do for us whatever we will ask." He said to them, "What do you want me to do for you?" They said to him, "Grant to us that we may sit, one at your right hand, and one at your left hand, in your glory."22 But Jesus said to them, "You don't know what you ask. Are you able to drink the cup that I drink, and to be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with?" They said to him, "We are able." Jesus said to them, "You shall indeed drink the cup that I drink, and you shall be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with; but to sit at my right hand and at my left hand is not mine to give, but for whom it has been prepared."
First Must Be Slave Mark 10:41-45
When the ten heard it, they began to be moved with indignation towards James and John. Jesus called them to him, and said to them, "You know that they who are recognized as rulers over the Gentiles lord it over them, and their great ones exercise authority over them. But it shall not be so among you, but whoever wants to become great among you, will be your servant. Whoever of you wants to become first among you, shall be servant of all. For the Son of Man also came not to be served, but to serve”.23
Bartimaeus Healing Mark 10:46-52
They came to Jericho. As he went out from Jericho, with his disciples and a great multitude, the son of Timaeus, Bartimaeus, a blind beggar, was sitting by the road. When he heard that it was Jesus, the Nazarene, he began to cry out, and say, "Jesus, you son of David, have mercy on me!" Many rebuked him, that he should be quiet, but he cried out the more a great deal, "You son of David, have mercy on me!" Jesus stood still, and said, "Call him." They called the blind man, saying to him, "Cheer up! Get up. He is calling you." He, casting away his cloak, sprang up, and came to Jesus. Jesus answered him, "What do you want me to do for you?" The blind man said to him, "Rhabboni, that I may see again." Jesus said to him, "Go your way. Your faith has made you well." Immediately he received his sight, and followed Jesus in the way.
Entry into Jerusalem Mark 11:1-10
When they drew near to Jerusalem, to Bethsphage and Bethany, at the Mount of Olives, he sent two of his disciples, and said to them, "Go your way into the village that is opposite you. Immediately as you enter into it, you will find a colt tied, on which no one has sat. Untie him, and bring him. If anyone asks you, 'Why are you doing this?' say, 'The Lord needs him;' and immediately he will send him back here." They went away, and found a colt tied at the door outside in the open street, and they untied him. Some of those who stood there asked them, "What are you doing, untying the colt?" They said to them just as Jesus had said, and they let them go. They brought the colt to Jesus, and threw their garments on him, and Jesus sat on him. Many spread their garments on the way, and others were cutting down branches from the trees, and spreading them on the road. Those who went in front, and those who followed, cried, "Hosanna! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! Blessed is the kingdom of our father David that is coming in the name of the Lord! Hosanna in the highest!"
Temple Cleansing Mark 11:15-19
They came to Jerusalem24, and Jesus entered into the temple, and began to throw out those who sold and those who bought in the temple, and overthrew the tables of the money-changers, and the seats of those who sold the doves. He would not allow anyone to carry a container through the temple. He taught, saying to them, "Isn't it written, 'My house will be called a house of prayer?' But you have made it a den of robbers!"25 The chief priests and the scribes heard it, and sought how they might destroy him. For they feared him, for all the multitude was astonished at his teaching.
Question re Jesus's Authority Mark 11:27-33
The chief priests, and the scribes, and the elders came to him, and they were asking him, "By what authority do you these things? Or who gave you this authority to do these things?" Jesus said to them, "I will ask you one question. Answer me, and I will tell you by what authority I do these things. The baptism of John, was it from heaven, or from men? Answer me." They reasoned with themselves, saying, "If we should say, 'From heaven;' he will say, 'Why then did you not believe him?' If we should say, 'From men'"--they feared the people, for all held John to really be a prophet. They answered Jesus, "We don't know." Jesus said to them, "Neither do I tell you by what authority I do these things."
Wicked Tenants Parable Mark 12:1-9
He began to speak to them in parables. "A man planted a vineyard, set a hedge around it, dug a pit for the winepress, built a tower, rented it out to a farmer, and went into another country. When it was time, he sent a servant to the farmer to get from the farmer his share of the fruit of the vineyard. They took him, beat him, and sent him away empty. Again, he sent another servant to them; and they threw stones at him, wounded him in the head, and sent him away shamefully treated. Again he sent another; and they killed him; and many others, beating some, and killing some. Therefore he had yet one, a beloved son, he sent him last to them, saying, 'They will respect my son.' But those farmers said among themselves, 'This is the heir. Come, let's kill him, and the inheritance will be ours.' They took him, killed him, and cast him forth out of the vineyard. What therefore will the lord of the vineyard do? He will come and destroy the farmers, and will give the vineyard to others.
Rejected Cornerstone Mark 12:10-11
Haven't you even read this scripture: 'The stone which the builders rejected, The same was made the head of the corner. This was from the Lord, It is marvelous in our eyes'?"
Pharisees Want to Arrest Mark 12:12
They tried to seize him, but they feared the multitude; for they perceived that he spoke the parable against them. They left him, and went away.
Render Unto Caesar Mark 12:13-17
They sent some of the Pharisees and of the Herodians to him, that they might catch him in words. When they had come, they asked him, "Teacher, we know that you are honest, and don't defer to anyone; for you aren't partial to anyone, but truly teach the way of God. Is it lawful to pay taxes to Caesar, or not? Shall we give, or shall we not give?" But he, knowing their hypocrisy, said to them, "Why do you test me? Bring me a denarius, that I may see it." They brought it. He said to them, "Whose is this image and inscription?" They said to him, "Caesar's." Jesus answered them, "Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's." They marveled greatly at him.
Question re Resurrection Mark 12:18-27
There came to him Sadducees, who say that there is no resurrection. They asked him, saying, "Teacher, Moses wrote to us, 'If a man's brother dies, and leaves a wife behind him, and leaves no child, that his brother should take his wife, and raise up children to his brother.' There were seven brothers. The first took a wife, and dying left no children. The second took her, and died, leaving no children behind him. The third likewise; and the seven took her and left no children. Last of all the woman also died. In the resurrection, when they rise, whose wife will she be of them? For the seven had her as a wife." Jesus answered them, "Isn't this because you are mistaken, not knowing the scriptures, nor the power of God? For when they will rise from the dead, they neither marry, nor are given in marriage, but are like angels in heaven. But about the dead, that they are raised; haven't you read in the book of Moses, at the Bush, how God spoke to him, saying, 'I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob?' He is not the God of the dead, but of the living. You are therefore badly mistaken."26
Re David's Son Mark 12:35-37
Jesus responded, as he taught in the temple, "How is it that the scribes say that the Christ is the son of David? For David himself said in the Holy Spirit, 'The Lord said to my Lord, Sit at my right hand, Until I make your enemies the footstool of your feet.' Therefore David himself calls him Lord, so how can he be his son?" The common people heard him gladly.
Places of Honor Mark 12:38-39
In his teaching he said to them, "Beware of the scribes, who desire to walk in long robes, and to get greetings in the marketplaces, and chief seats in the synagogues, and chief places at feasts:
Devour Widow's Houses Mark 12:40
those who devour widows' houses, and for a pretense make long prayers. These will receive greater condemnation."
Widow's Mite Mark 12:41-44
Jesus sat down opposite the treasury, and saw how the multitude cast money into the treasury. Many who were rich cast in much. There came a poor widow, and she cast in two lepta27, which make a quadrans. He called his disciples to himself, and said to them, "Most assuredly I tell you, this poor widow gave more than all those who are giving into the treasury, for they all gave out of their abundance, but she, out of her poverty, gave all that she had to live on."28
Temple Destruction Prediction Mark 13:1-4
As he went forth out of the temple, one of his disciples said to him, "Teacher, see what kind of stones and what kind of buildings!" Jesus said to him, "Do you see these great buildings? There will not be left here one stone on another, which will not be thrown down." As he sat on the Mount of Olives opposite the temple, Peter, James, John, and Andrew asked him privately, "Tell us, when will these things be? What is the sign that these things are all about to be accomplished?"
End Times Signs Mark 13:5-8
Jesus, answering, began to tell them, "Be careful that no one leads you astray. For many will come in my name, saying, 'I am he!' and will lead many astray. When you hear of wars and rumors of wars, don't be troubled. For those must happen, but the end is not yet. For nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places. There will be famines and troubles. These things are the beginning of birth pains.
Coming of Persecution Mark 13:9-12
But watch yourselves, for they will deliver you up to councils. You will be beaten in synagogues. Before governors and kings will you stand for my sake, for a testimony to them. The gospel must first be preached to all the nations. When they lead you away and deliver you up, don't be anxious beforehand, or premeditate what you will say, but say whatever will be given you in that hour. For it is not you who speak, but the Holy Spirit. "Brother will deliver up brother to death, and the father his child. Children will rise up against parents, and cause them to be put to death.
Hated because of My Name Mark 13:13
You will be hated by all men for my name's sake, but he who endures to the end, the same will be saved.
Desolating Sacrificed Mark 13:14-20
But when you see the abomination of desolation, spoken of by Daniel the prophet, standing where it ought not (let the reader understand), then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains, and let him who is on the housetop not go down, nor enter in, to take anything out of his house. Let him who is in the field not return back to take his cloak. But woe to those who are with child and to those who nurse babies in those days! Pray that your flight won't be in the winter. For in those days there will be oppression, such as there has not been the like from the beginning of the creation which God created until now, and never will be. Unless the Lord had shortened the days, no flesh would have been saved; but for the elect's sake, whom he chose, he shortened the days.
Coming of Son of Man Mark 13:24-27
But in those days, after that oppression, the sun will be darkened, the moon will not give her light, the stars will be falling from the sky, and the powers that are in the heavens will be shaken. Then will they see the Son of Man coming in clouds with great power and glory. Then will he send forth his angels, and will gather together his elect from the four winds, from the ends of the earth to the ends of the sky.
Fig Tree Lesson Mark 13:28-29
"Now from the fig tree, learn this parable. When the branch has now become tender, and puts forth its leaves, you know that the summer is near; even so you also, when you see these things coming to pass, know that it is near, at the doors.
Day and Hour Unknown Mark 13:30-32
Most assuredly I say to you, this generation will not pass away until all these things are accomplished. Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away. But of that day or that hour no one knows, not even the angels in heaven, neither the Son, but only the Father.
Keep Awake Mark 13:37
What I tell you, I tell all: Watch."
Conspiracy against Jesus Mark 14:1-2
It was now two days before the feast of the Passover and the unleavened bread, and the chief priests and the scribes sought how they might sieze him by deception, and kill him. For they said, "Not during the feast, because there might be a riot of the people."29
Judas to Betray Jesus Mark 14:10-11
Judas Iscariot, who was one of the twelve, went away to the chief priests, that he might deliver him to them. They, when they heard it, were glad, and promised to give him money. He sought how he might conveniently deliver him.
Passover Preparation Mark 14:12-16
On the first day of unleavened bread, when they sacrificed the Passover, his disciples asked him, "Where do you want us to go and make ready that you may eat the Passover?" He sent two of his disciples, and said to them, "Go into the city, and there you will meet a man carrying a pitcher of water. Follow him, and wherever he enters in, tell the master of the house, 'The Teacher says, "Where is the guest room, where I may eat the Passover with my disciples?"' He will himself show you a large upper room furnished and ready. Make ready for us there." His disciples went out, and came into the city, and found things as he had said to them, and they prepared the Passover.
With the Twelve Mark 14:17
When it was evening he came with the twelve.
Traitor Mark 14:18-21
As they sat and were eating, Jesus said, "Most assuredly I tell you, one of you will betray me -- he who eats with me." They began to be sorrowful, and to ask him one by one, "Surely not I?" And another said, "Surely not I?" He answered them, "It is one of the twelve, he who dips with me in the dish. For the Son of Man goes, even as it is written about him, but woe to that man through whom the Son of Man is betrayed! It would be better for that man if he had not been born."
Lord's Supper: Bread Mark 14:22-24
As they were eating, Jesus took bread, and when he had blessed, he broke it, and gave to them, and said, "Take, eat. This is my body." He took the cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave to them. They all drank of it. He said to them,
Lord's Supper: Wine Mark 14:25
Most assuredly I tell you, I will no more drink of the fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it anew in the kingdom of God."30
Mount of Olives Mark 14:26
When they had sung a hymn, they went out to the Mount of Olives.
Peter's Denial Prediction Mark 14:27-31
Jesus said to them, "All of you will be made to stumble because of me tonight, for it is written, 'I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered.' However, after I am raised up, I will go before you into Galilee."31 But Peter said to him, "Although all will be offended, yet I will not." Jesus said to him, "Most assuredly I tell you, that you today, even this night, before the cock crows twice, you will deny me three times." But he spoke all the more, "If I must die with you, I will not deny you." Likewise, they all said so.
Gethsemane Mark 14:32-42
They came to a place which was named Gethsemane. He said to his disciples, "Sit here, while I pray." He took with him Peter, James, and John, and began to be greatly alarmed and distressed. He said to them, "My soul is exceedingly sorrowful, even to death. Stay here, and watch." He went forward a little, and fell on the ground, and prayed that, if it were possible, the hour might pass away from him. He said, "Abba, Father, all things are possible to you. Please remove this cup from me. However, not what I want, but what you want." He came and found them sleeping, and said to Peter, "Simon, are you sleeping? Couldn't you watch one hour? Watch and pray, that you not enter into temptation. The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak." Again he went away, and prayed, saying the same words. Again he returned, and found them sleeping, for their eyes were very heavy, and they didn't know what to answer him. He came the third time, and said to them, "Sleep on now, and take your rest. It is enough. The hour has come. Behold, the Son of Man is betrayed into the hands of sinners. Arise, let us be going. Behold, he who betrays me is at hand."
Jesus Captured Mark 14:43-52
Immediately, while he was still speaking, Judas, one of the twelve, came -- and with him a multitude with swords and clubs, from the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders. Now he who betrayed him had given them a sign, saying, "Whoever I will kiss, that is he. Take him, and lead him away safely." When he had come, immediately he came to him, and said, "Rabbi! Rabbi!" and kissed him. They laid their hands on him, and took him. But a certain one of those who stood by drew his sword, and struck the servant of the high priest, and cut off his ear. Jesus answered them, "Have you come out, as against a robber, with swords and clubs to seize me? I was daily with you in the temple teaching, and you didn't arrest me. But this is so that the scriptures might be fulfilled." They all left him, and fled. A young man was following him, having a linen cloth thrown around him, over his naked body. They grabbed him, but he left the linen cloth, and fled from them naked.32
Mocking Jesus Luke 22:63-65
The men who held Jesus mocked him and beat him. They struck him on the face and asked him, "Prophesy! Who is the one who struck you?" They spoke many other things against him, insulting him.33
Before the High Priest Mark 14:53-54
They led Jesus away to the high priest. There came together with him all the chief priests, the elders, and the scribes. Peter had followed him afar off, until he came into the court of the high priest. He was sitting with the officers, and warming himself in the light of the fire.
Peter's Denial Luke 22:56-62
A certain servant girl saw him as he sat in the light, and looking intently at him, said, "This man also was with him." He denied Jesus, saying, "Woman, I don't know him." After a little while someone else saw him, and said, "You also are one of them!" But Peter answered, "Man, I am not!" After about one hour passed, another confidently affirmed, saying, "Truly this man also was with him, for he is a Galilean!" But Peter said, "Man, I don't know what you are talking about!" Immediately, while he was still speaking, a rooster crowed. The Lord turned, and looked at Peter. Peter remembered the Lord's word, how he said to him, "Before the rooster crows you will deny me three times." He went out, and wept bitterly.
Morning for Council Luke 22:66
As soon as it was day, the assembly of the elders of the people was gathered together, both chief priests and scribes, and they led him away into their council, saying,
Are you the Messiah? Luke 22:67-71
"Are you the Christ, the son of God?" But he said to them, "It is you that say I am. But from now on, the Son of Man will be seated at the right hand of the power of God." They said, "Why do we need any more witness? For we ourselves have heard from his own mouth!"34
Delivered to Pilate Mark 15:1-2
Immediately they bound Jesus, and carried him away, and delivered him up to Pilate.35
Pilate's Trial Mark 15:2-5
Pilate asked him, "Are you the King of the Jews?" He answered, "So you say." The chief priests accused him of many things. Pilate again asked him, "Have you no answer? See how many things they testify against you!" But Jesus made no further answer, so Pilate marveled.
Release at the Festival Mark 15:6-11
Now at the feast he used to release to them one prisoner, whom they asked of him. There was one called Barabbas, bound with those who had made insurrection, men who in the insurrection had committed murder. The multitude, crying aloud, began to ask him to do as he always did for them. Pilate answered them, saying, "Do you you want me to release to you the King of the Jews?" For he perceived that for envy the chief priests had delivered him up. But the chief priests stirred up the multitude, that he should release Barabbas to them instead.
Release of Barabbas Mark 15:12-15
Pilate again asked them, "What then should I do to him whom you call the King of the Jews?" They cried out again, "Crucify him!" Pilate said to them, "Why, what evil has he done?" But they cried out exceedingly, "Crucify him!" Pilate, wishing to please the multitude, released Barabbas to them, and delivered Jesus, when he had flogged him, to be crucified.
Soldiers' Mocking Mark 15:16-20
The soldiers led him away within the court, which is the Praetorium; and they called together the whole cohort. They clothed him with purple, and weaving a crown of thorns, they put it on him. They began to salute him, "Hail, King of the Jews!" They struck his head with a reed, and spat on him, and bowing their knees, did homage to him. When they had mocked him, they took the purple off of him, and put his own garments on him. They led him out to crucify him.
Carrying the Cross Mark 15:21
They compelled one passing by, coming from the country, Simon of Cyrene, the father of Alexander and Rufus, to go with them, that he might bear his cross.
Golgotha/Crucifixion Mark 15:22-24
They brought him to the place called Golgotha, which is, being interpreted, "The place of a skull." They offered him wine mixed with myrrh to drink, but he didn't take it. Crucifying him, they parted his garments among them, casting lots on them, what each should take.
The Charge Mark 15:26
The superscription of his accusation was written over him, "THE KING OF THE JEWS."
Crucified w/ Two Criminals Mark 15:27
With him they crucified two robbers; one on his right hand, and one on his left.36
Scoffing at Jesus Mark 15:28-32
The scripture was fulfilled, which says, "He was numbered with transgressors." Those who passed by blasphemed him, wagging their heads, and saying, "Ha! You who destroy the temple, and build it in three days, save yourself, and come down from the cross!" Likewise, also the chief priests mocking among themselves with the scribes said, "He saved others. He can't save himself. Let the Christ, the King of Israel, now come down from the cross, that we may see and believe him." Those who were crucified with him reproached him.
Darkness over the Earth Mark 15:33
When the sixth hour had come, there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour.
Ps22:1 Mark 15:34-35
At the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, "Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani?" which is, being interpreted, "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?" Some of those who stood by, when they heard it, said, "Behold, he calls Elijah."
Vinegar/Elijah? Mark 15:36
One ran, and filling a sponge full of vinegar, put it on a reed, and gave it to him to drink, saying, "Let him be. Let's see whether Elijah comes to take him down."
Gave up the Ghost Mark 15:37
Jesus cried out with a loud voice, and gave up the spirit.
Veil Rent Mark 15:38
The veil of the temple was torn in two from the top to the bottom.
Centurion's Confession Mark 15:39
When the centurion, who stood by opposite him, saw that he cried out like this and breathed his last, he said, "Truly this man was the Son of God!"
Women Watching Mark 15:40-41
There were also women watching from afar, among whom were both Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James the less and of Joses, and Salome; who, when he was in Galilee, followed him, and served him; and many other women who came up with him to Jerusalem.
Burial Mark 15:42-47
When evening had now come, because it was the Preparation, that is, the day before the Sabbath, Joseph of Arimathaea, a member of the council of honorable estate, who also himself was looking for the kingdom of God, came. He boldly went in to Pilate, and asked for Jesus's body. Pilate marveled if he were already dead: and calling to him the centurion, he asked him whether he had been dead for a while. When he learned it from the centurion, he granted the body to Joseph. He bought a linen cloth, and taking him down, wound him in the linen cloth, and laid him in a tomb which had been cut out of a rock. He rolled a stone against the door of the tomb. Mary Magdalene and Mary, the mother of Joses, saw where he was laid.
Empty Tomb Mark 16:1-8
When the Sabbath was past, Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James, and Salome, bought spices, that they might come and anoint him. Very early on the first day of the week, they came to the tomb when the sun had risen. They were saying among themselves, "Who will roll away the stone from the door of the tomb for us?" for it was very big. Looking up, they saw that the stone was rolled back Entering into the tomb, they saw a young man37 sitting on the right side, dressed in a white robe, and they were amazed. He said to them, "Don't be amazed. You seek Jesus, the Nazarene, who has been crucified. He has risen. He is not here. Behold, the place where they laid him! But go, tell his disciples and Peter, 'He goes before you into Galilee. There you will see him, as he said to you.'" They went out, and fled from the tomb, for trembling and astonishment had come on them. They said nothing to anyone; for they were afraid.38
References
Gentile, D. (2026a). A Statistical Investigation of the Synoptic Problem. Qeios. doi:10.32388/RIBDZ7
Gentile, D. (2026b). The Great Expansion: Proto-Mark and the Gentile Enlargement of Canonical Mark. Qeios. doi:10.32388/AWERM6.2
Gentile, D. (2026c). Pauline Soteriology in the Gospel of Mark. Qeios. doi:10.32388/KSHMAV
Gentile, D. (2026d). Supplement to The Great Expansion: The Night Trial, the Minor Agreements, and the Two Editions in Transmission. Qeios. doi:10.32388/AWERM6.2
Notes
In (Gentile, 2026a) and (Gentile, 2026b) we argue that Luke is based on proto-Mark and not canonical Mark, and thus provides an independent witness to the text of proto-Mark. ↩︎
The quote from Malachi 3:1 is omitted. It has long been noted that while Mark says it is a quote from Isaiah it is, in reality, a combined quote. It was probably imported at some point from the saying source/Matthew 11:10/Luke 7:27. It does not share the theme of the Markan expansion, however. While it could possibly show the hand of a late redactor we have identified elsewhere in the text, we make no specific assignment. ↩︎
Mark demonstrates early on how one receives the Holy Spirit — via Baptism. It is possible that a reading preserved in an important old manuscript of Luke, (D), and in the writings of church fathers, is the original here, “Today I have fathered you”. ↩︎
This is a part of Mark’s reserved meaning. In the metaphor Jesus is the bridegroom. The empty tomb at the end of Mark is metaphorically Jacob’s well and represents the physical union of the bridegroom and the church/bride, making the Holy Spirit available to all. This precedes the metaphorical wedding which is to happen in the end times when the kingdom of God is ushered in. The fasting is the period between the betrothal and the wedding (Gentile, 2026c, §10). ↩︎
This passage is discussed in (Gentile, 2026a, supplement). The version in Luke shows knowledge of three sources, including this one here in Mark. ↩︎
The call of the twelve is given here from Luke 6:12–16. On our reconstruction, canonical Mark relocated the appointment of the Twelve (Mark 3:13–19) to form an block with the Beelzebul controversy to insert at one point in the scroll; Luke preserves the earlier position, before the great crowds gather. The text of Mark was also expanded, thus Proto-Mark is here read from Luke's text (Gentile 2026b, §§4.2 and 5). ↩︎
Note that in canonical Mark this boat “wanders”, in this reconstruction of proto-Mark all mentions of the boat follow a logical sequence. The Beelzebul controversy, omitted here, was part of the expansion, and Luke received his version via Matthew (Gentile, 2026a, §6 on proto-Mark). ↩︎
The aside to the twelve is omitted here. The status of the disciples as insiders vs. outsiders varies from layer to layer in Mark. In proto-mark they are neither deliberately excluded nor included. In the expansion layer they are written out and then a late redactor re-includes them (Gentile 2026c, §9.2). ↩︎
The lamp is part of Mark’s reserve, it represents Jesus who comes to be raised up on the cross and give light to the whole world (Gentile, 2026c, §2). ↩︎
This phrase is used repeatedly to indicate the surface meaning is not the whole. ↩︎
See (Gentile, 2026c, §3). ↩︎
Mark relocated this in the expansion to frame the Beelzebul controversy. Luke here preserves the original order of proto-Mark. ↩︎
In canonical Mark this is the Jewish half of a Gentile/Jewish pair. The other half, the walking on water, is added in the expansion (Gentile, 2026b, §4.3). ↩︎
This is in Gentile territory and in proto-Mark, showing the original layer was pro-Gentile, and the expansion merely amplified this. ↩︎
See (Gentile, 2026b, §4.2). ↩︎
This is the Jewish half of a Gentile/Jewish pair. The other half is added in the expansion (Gentile, 2026b, §4.1). ↩︎
This is the site of the largest addition of material in the expansion. Luke omits the blind man, perhaps because of the saliva involved in the healing, and relocates the 5000 to Bethsaida. Thus, we have two imperfect witnesses to what this transitional line might have said. (Gentile, 2026b, §3.4). ↩︎
See (Gentile, 2026b, §4.4). ↩︎
The aside to the twelve is omitted here. This and other asides we assign to a late redactor. This one serves the same purpose as the others, to elevate the status of the twelve. ↩︎
This is the core of Mark’s reserve. The message is that to avoid hellfire and be taken up to God you must have the salt of the covenant in you. Mark cites Leviticus 2:13 here. The point being that salt is what makes sacrifices acceptable to God, which is what Paul’s idiom says we should do; “present your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and acceptable to God” (Rom 12:1). Mark is also telling us the covenant is renewed in Jesus here. ↩︎
Another important part of Mark’s reserve. Jesus is the bridegroom in this metaphor. The aside to the twelve has been omitted, as this text is assigned to the hand of a late redactor. ↩︎
This “right and left” language helps establish that Jesus is the lamp raised up on the lampstand/cross at the end. See (Gentile, 2026c, §2). ↩︎
“and to give his life as a ransom for many” is omitted. It reveals what Mark does not place in the surface text, but only in the reserve. It is also absent from Luke who would have had no reason to omit it while copying from Mark. We do not assign it to any particular later hand. ↩︎
The fig tree is omitted on both sides of the temple cleansing, along with a couple of sayings that follow it. Canonical Mark multiplies the days involved in order to accommodate the fig tree. Here there is just one smooth single day sequence (Gentile, 2026b, §6). ↩︎
“for all the nations” is omitted. It was probably added in the expansion (Gentile, 2026b, §6). ↩︎
The greatest commandment is omitted. See (Gentile, 2026b, §7.1). ↩︎
A small amount. This is also where the physics term “lepton” comes from. ↩︎
This section is absent from Luke, making it a candidate for expansion material. But there are no visible seams here and this does not carry the expansion’s theme, so we do not make that assignment. ↩︎
The anointing is omitted. See (Gentile, 2026b, §7.2). ↩︎
This is part of Mark’s reserve, indicating that Jesus is the bridegroom. The blood poured out for many is omitted. See (Gentile, 2026c, §10). ↩︎
Part of Mark’s reserve. This makes Jesus the metaphorical shepherd and helps indicate the empty tomb is metaphorically Jacob’s well. ↩︎
See (Gentile, 2026c, §10.1 – Ezekiel at the tomb). ↩︎
Mark rearranges the trial scene to let Peter frame it. Thus we follow Luke, in part, here. The blindfold we omit as probable scribal addition. The “who struck you” is something Mark removed in the expansion. See (Gentile, 2026d). ↩︎
The open “I AM” we assign to the expansion, as well as the clouds from Daniel. “Seated at the right hand of God” is in both Mark and Luke and something had to trigger them to convict him. ↩︎
Canonical Mark multiplies the days involved here. ↩︎
Part of Mark’s reserve. (Gentile, 2026c, §2). ↩︎
(Gentile, 2026c, §10.1). ↩︎
Mark ends here, but in the reserve, through the use of multiple metaphors, he has made the point that the Holy Spirit is now available to all (Gentile, 2026c, §10). ↩︎